Places to visit in Bihar: 2015

Saturday, 7 March 2015

Nalanda, Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

Nalanda was an acclaimed Mahāvihāra, a large Buddhist monastery in ancient Magadha (modern-day Bihar), India. The site is located about 95 kilometres southeast of Patna, and was a centre of learning from the fifth century CE to c. 1200 CE. Historians often characterize Nalanda as a university.

Nalanda flourished under the patronage of the Gupta Empire as well as emperors like Harsha and later, the rulers of the Pala Empire. At its peak, the school attracted scholars and students from as far away as Tibet, China, Korea, and Central Asia. It was very likely ransacked and destroyed by an army of the Muslim Mamluk Dynasty under Bakhtiyar Khilji inc. 1200 CE.

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Thursday, 19 February 2015

Patna, Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

Patna is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. Patna also serves as seat of Patna High Court. The second largest city in eastern India, had an estimated population of 1,683,200 in 2011, making it the 19th largest city in India. Its urban agglomeration is the 18th largest in India, with over 2 million people.

One of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world. Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha.Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga,Gupta and Pala. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000.

The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 km long and 16 km to 18 km wide. In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India (after Delhi) for ease of starting a business. As of 2010-2011, Patna had the highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar, at

57,843. Using figures for assumed average annual growth, Patna is the 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India by the City Mayors' Foundation. Patna registered an average annual growth of 3.72% during 2006-2010.

The Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain pilgrim centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya, and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna City is also a sacred city for Sikhs as the last Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, was born here.

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Buddha Smriti Park, Patna, Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

Buddha Smriti Park is a park located on Frazer Road near Patna Junction in Patna, India. The park is sometimes also referred to as the Buddha Memorial Park. This park has been developed by the State Government to commemorate the 2554th birth anniversary of the Lord Buddha. This park was inaugurated by His Holiness Dalai Lama.

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Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary (also spelled Gautam Buddha) is a wildlife sanctuary located in Gaya district of Bihar state and Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand state in east-central India.

The refuge was established in 1976, and covers an area of 259 km². Prior to becoming a wildlife refuge, the area was a private hunting reserve.

The refuge covers portions of the Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests and Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests ecoregions. Plant communities include dry and moist sal (Shorea robusta) forests, ravine thorn forest, and tropical dry riverine forest.

Fauna include tigers, leopard, wolf, sloth bear, chital, chinkara, and many species of birds.

The sanctuary has a rest house. The refuge is 65 km southeast of Gaya, which has a railway station and airport.

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Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is located in Bhagalpur District of Bihar, India. The sanctuary is a 50 km stretch of the Ganges River from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon. Designated in 1991, it is the only protected area for the endangered Gangetic dolphins in Asia. Once found in abundance, only a few hundred remain, of which half are found here.

The Gangetic dolphins have been declared as the National Aquatic Animal of India. This decision was taken in the first meeting of the National Ganga River Basin Authority(NGRBA) chaired by Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh on Monday, 5 October 2009.

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Valmiki National Park, West Champaran, Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

Valmiki National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the West Champaran district of Bihar state, India. The extensive forest area of Valmikinagar was previously owned by the Bettiah Raj and Ramanagar Raj until the early 1950s. Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) is one of the natural virgin recesses in east India, situated in the north west corner of Bihar. The pristine forest and wilderness of VTR is an excellent example of Himalayan Terai landscape. VTR comprises the Valmiki National Park and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary. The VTR forest area covers 899.38 square kilometres (347.25 sq mi), which is 17.4% of the total geographical area of the district West Champaran. As of 2013, there were 22 tigers in the Reserve.

The name of the district West Champaran derives from two words, Champa and Aranya, meaning forest of Champa trees. Geographically, it is situated between 83°0 50′ and 84°0 10′ E longitude and between 27°0 10′ and 27°0 03′ N latitude. Total forest area comprises about 900 square kilometres (350 sq mi), out of which the Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary is 880 square kilometres (340 sq mi) and spread of the National Park is about 335 square kilometres (129 sq mi) area. In the north, the protected areas are bordered by Nepal while the Indian state Uttar Pradesh bounds the sanctuary from western side.

Bihar Government is turning 800 hectares of forest in VTR into Grassland making it India's biggest grassland.

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Tomb of Sher Shah Suri, Sasaram, Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

The tomb of Sher Shah Suri is in the Sasaram town of Bihar state, India. The tomb was built in memory of Emperor Sher Shah Suri, a Pathan from Bihar who defeated the Mughal Empire and founded the Suri Empire in northern India. He died in an accidental gunpowder explosion in the fort of Kalinjar on 10th day of Rabi' al-awwal, A.H. 952 or 13 May 1545 AD. His tomb is an example of Indo-Islamic architecture, it was designed by the architect Aliwal Khan and built between 1540 and 1545, this red sandstone mausoleum (122 ft high), which stands in the middle of an artificial lake, which is nearly square, is known as the second Taj Mahal of India. The tomb stands at the centre of the lake on a square stone plinth with domed kiosks, chhatris at each of its corners, further there are stone banks and stepped moorings on all sides of the plinth, which is connected to the mainland through a wide stone bridge. The main tomb is built on octagonal plan, topped by a dome, 22-metre in span and surrounded ornamental domed kiosks which were once covered in coloured glazed tile work.

The tomb was built during the reign of his son Islam Shah. An inscription dates its completion to August 16, 1545, three months after the death of Sher Shah.

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Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Bihar in the south west of Munger district.

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Sasaram, Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

Sasaram (Hindi: सासाराम, Urdu: سسرام‎), sometimes also spelled as Sasseram or Sahasram, is the administrative headquarters of the Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar.Rohtas, a historical place, was created as District in the year 1972 carved out of the district of Sahabad.

It is famous for production of stone chips, and for quarrying industry. Major languages spoken in this region are Bhojpuri, Hindi, and Urdu; local religions include Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism.

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Vaishali (ancient city), Bihar, India - www.vishvabhraman.com

Vaishali was a city in Bihar, India, and is now an archeological site. It is a part of the Tirhut Division (Tirhut).

It was the capital city of the Licchavi, considered one of the first example of a republic, in the Vajjian Confederacy (Vrijji)mahajanapada, around the 6th century BCE. It was here in 599 BCE the 24th Jain Tirthankara, Bhagwan Mahavira was born and brought up in Kundalagrama in Vaiśālī republic, which makes it a pious and auspicious pilgrimage to Jains. Also Gautama Buddha preached his last sermon before his death in c. 483 BCE, then in 383 BCE the Second Buddhist council was convened here by King Kalasoka, making it an important place in both Jain and Buddhist religions. It contains one of the best-preserved of the Pillars of Ashoka, topped by a single Asiatic lion.

At the time of the Buddha, Vaiśālī, which he visited on many occasions, was a very large city, rich and prosperous, crowded with people and with abundant food. There were 7,707 pleasure grounds and an equal number of lotus ponds. Its courtesan,Amrapali, was famous for her beauty, and helped in large measure in making the city prosperous. The city had three walls, each one gāvuta away from the other, and at three places in the walls were gates with watch towers. Outside the town, leading uninterruptedly up to the Himalaya, was the Mahavana, a large, natural forest. Nearby were other forests, such as Gosingalasāla.

The city finds mention in the travel accounts of Chinese explorers, Faxian (4th century CE) and Xuanzang (7th century CE), which were later used in 1861 by British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham to first identify Vaiśālī with the present village of Basrah in Vaishali District, Bihar.

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